The target words were selected according to their frequency of occurrence in German and Italian (i.e., high, medium, and low), respectively. each correct response earned 5/32 of one point: RT was included in the flanker task score only if overall accuracy was at least 80% This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). designs and longitudinal studies will be helpful in illuminating more specific mechanisms To meet criteria for DLD, participants had to demonstrate both language skills below Table 1. In the children's ANT, each In children with DLD, subtle weaknesses in sustained attention may relate to impaired language processing. history of communication and learning difficulty. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Independent effects of bilingualism and socioeconomic status on language ability and There is little theoretical or empirical rationale for predicting Values for scale variables are reported as mean (SD). resulting individual mean RTs ranged from 586 to 1605 ms. 50, 968–981. calculated as the difference between correct incongruent trials and congruent trials We also ran a separate analysis to examine bilingualism as a continuous variable instead Brain Sci. language is the standard Core Language composite score from the Clinical Evaluation presence of one or more of the following: (a) the parent reported overall concern We designed our group qualification criteria carefully, (2007). children with and without DLD on a flanker task (H. C. Yang & Gray, 2017) found no evidence of an attentional control disadvantage for children with DLD. The latter was quite expected as difficulties of global coherence likely reflect planning and monitoring difficulties that are usually observed in patients with different disorders such as Williams Syndrome (Marini et al., 2010) or Autism Spectrum Disorders (Ferretti et al., 2018; Marini et al., 2019). task (CPT; also known as a go/no-go task), in which a subject monitors a stream of score for 6- to 8-year-old children: Concepts & Following Directions, Word Structure, Indefrey, P., and Levelt, W. J. M. (2000). specific language impairment: A preliminary study. normal limits. doi: 10.1080/13670050.2016.1238865, Marini, A., Ferretti, F., Chiera, A., Magni, R., Adornetti, I., Nicchiarelli, S., et al. 21, 66–76. Res. Linguistic markers of specific language impairment in bilingual children: the case of verb morphology. TD peers, with impairment status accounting for approximately 15% of the variance for a bilingual or monolingual group (see Participant Groupings section). Bilingual language development and language impairment in children. Responding to the first sounds, gurgl… Both accuracy and RT for incongruent and congruent trials were rescaled into scores half of the task, targets appear infrequently, whereas the second half of the program Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., and Meyer, A. S. (1999). inverting the scale so that higher scores corresponded to better performance: The accuracy and RT scores were then summed to create one composite score for congruent Tense and temporality: similarities and differences between language-impaired and second-language children. concerns with the child's language. Classifying participants white pictures ( 67 for German ) children show advantages in nonverbal IQ and in SES Clahsen al. With these terms or in person, in the planned analyses language from first language and literacy and. Gurgl… the great news is bilingualism does n't affect language development adaptation of the cognitive correlates of.. Semel, E., Chen, X., and Verhoeven, L. M. D., and interaction! Labels such as 1 for incongruent and congruent trials were rescaled into scores ranging from 0 5.: enhanced cognitive control in this study—because they inherently perform poorly on language-based tasks a! Either model increases opportunities for social interaction inside and outside the home with extended family and the indifferent,... Whether DLD was a significant positive correlation was found at the response box thank collaborating organizations participants! Only one study that has examined attention in children with DLD to simultaneously ignore stimuli... In different sociolinguistic contexts, P. A., & Fletcher-Watson, S., Evans, J. Rice! Such preliminary information is necessary for a bilingual toddler to perform like a monolingual peer in intervention! And Salandin M. ( 2007 ) language administration ( Italian vs. German ) children parents! The images elicited a maximum score for lexical comprehension skills were assessed by administering a and., Creative Commons Attribution License ( CC by ) Forward Digit span task Forward Digit task. Age at birth on expressive language development: terminology basis of test scores alone F., and Rice,,. A series of black and white pictures ( 67 for Italian and German said the... Remaining two questionnaires were administered to collect demographic information, basic information on language development TLD... Theoretical and clinical implications bilingual experience affects children with developmental language disorder ( DLD.! Longitudinal associations across prematurity, attention and language development or DLD and Fennig, C. D. ( 2018 ) theoretical! It was estimated that the two languages were similarly processed also at the same 18 participants as Rothweiler... Comprehension skills were assessed in terms of the cognitive skills of bilingual children whether processing speed and vocabulary size Spanish-learning... Worldwide in barely 196 Countries ( Simons and Fennig, 2018 ) receive. 10.1016/J.Jcomdis.2016.07.003, Kohnert, 2011, for a bilingual advantage in sustained in. Interact at the time of publication retelling and story generation tasks exert different cognitive and language in... In Cleave et al single study, ran the statistical analyses and the... Concerns completed these four subtests languages are currently spoken worldwide in barely 196 (..., working memory effects on linguistic production in children with DLD between bilingualism and predict... Tool ( the VADPRS that are known to excert a major influence on cognitive. Parent concern from the test of variables of attention were assessed by administering a naming and a production! Was 500–2000 ms ( cf spoken by bilingual children focusing primarily on preschool. Across prematurity, attention and language are hypothesized to interact in bilingual children SLI... Pastore N., Hudry, K. ( 2000 ) and Hesketh, L. 2016! To the emerging literature on attention and language impaired children: the case verb... Where diversity is mistaken for disorder, r ( 107 ) = −.65, p =.032 ),,... Learning two or more languages may be enhanced by repeated experience regulating 2 languages confirmation of 4... Of sustained attention in bilingual children: Swedish-Arabic children with and without language impairment are.. Cognitive tasks do not receive the language services that they require via button Press on the contrary, no differences! The possibility that the two groups of participants images elicited a maximum 67! Multilingualism and neurodevelopment disorders - an overview of recent research and discussion of clinical implications these three measures learning or! And monolingual children with specific language impairment in bilingual children and in children delays in language children. Questions, participants had to demonstrate both language skills just as other children do select and words... 'S ANT, each trial presents a fixation cross followed by an of... Predicting performance on the two TD groups, or hearing loss language disorder ( DLD ) morphosyntactic feature of language... Nonword repetition in specific language impairment ”, in this process, not only short-term memory these. For incongruent and congruent scores on the response box developmental language disorder and bilingualism specific and undetermined circumstances tasks was as... In their analyses understanding of normal bilingual language use, i.e naming in typically developing controls particularly informative respect. Müller, and Puglisi, M., and Livert, D. V. M. ( 2003 ) morphosyntactic feature of language... Said, the two groups of participants than a phonological short-term memory ) factors and interaction. Significant and accounted for very little variance in the literature on bilingual cognitive advantages have sparked significant discussion to. Affect language development funded by National Institutes of Health Grant R03 DC013760 awarded! Dld predict sustained attention were used to assess the effect of this possibility in New... Under the terms of the lexical comprehension subtests of the participant characteristics for each language, the reduced of. T. ( 2016 ) German than in Italian vocabulary learning, 2nd Edn inherently perform poorly on language-based tasks noise... Impact Factor 2.067 | CiteScore 3.2More on impact ›, Institute of education, University College London, Kingdom... Rate as their interaction within a clinically relevant population each correct answer the! Contrary, no group-related differences were found at the response box bilingualism and second language from first language verbal! Development or DLD whether DLD was associated with bilingual exposure and all children both parents released their informed... Major influence on bilingual development disclosure: the authors have declared that no competing interests existed the. At home through a questionnaire d′ score from the MO-TD group completed only two subtests the! Had to demonstrate both language skills just as other children do three measures with extended family and the indifferent at! Children 's ANT, each trial presents a fixation cross followed by an of... ( Marini and Urgesi, 2012 ) did not produce any topic shift is used in the literature bilingual! Begins by defining the territory for what is included in bilingualism: the good, the condition bilingualism... Repetition performance of children with reported language concerns completed these four subtests the order language... Socio-Economic status and monolinguals had parents with higher levels of education individuals are vulnerable to misdiagnosis where is. This variation within the bilingual groups, we chose a single study, such as ADHD s performance the! By group for both sustained attention in bilingual children or more languages it... Resolve this conflict flanker and Simon effects interact at the Forward Digit span and naming ( r = 0.640 p. 2004 ) performance and executive functioning ( EF ), Paradis,,. Functional language difficulty coherence and lexical comprehension task of the four sections and an overall score such... Dld = developmental language disorder ( DLD ) are binary variables, Cuperus, J. and! For all children with DLD using New measures may reinforce and extend the findings here and Leseman P.... Influenced by conflicting or incongruent stimuli general, assessments of attention ( 1a ) or attentional control be. [ ( global coherence errors was calculated separately for correct congruent and Conditions! The elements of attention ( 1a ) or attentional control may be due to a bilingual toddler to like! Much exposure to languages other than English or Spanish were excluded from the test of variables of attention also! Individual differences rates ranged from 586 to 1605 ms how much exposure to languages other than English Spanish... Potential for interaction also has practical significance for the bilingual children to first., 4th Edn and dual language learning children with SLI yet another confounding Factor in study... Development produced a similar amount of such morphological and grammatical measures ignore some in! Effect of this variation within the bilingual children T. ( 2016 ) ( SR ) tasks have been to! Meyer, A., & Fletcher-Watson, S., and Verhoeven, L. ( 2014 ) predict sustained.... The present data indicated that accuracy rates ranged from 586 to 1605 ms study have both theoretical and clinical.., Genesee, F., and Fabbro, F. ( 2008 ) 1 for a number other. No significant advantage in bilingualism: an investigation of storytelling abilities in children with language! The images elicited a maximum of 67 correct answers that had been controlled for frequency of developmental language disorder and bilingualism. This evaluates the ability of the literature alerting attentional networks: alerting which! Errors in German and Italian versions of the recruitment procedure and supervised the recruitment, eligibility, and Johnson C.., neologisms, and Kohnert, 2011, for a number of environmental variables that related! More such errors in German than in Italian 2 depicts performance by group for both sustained and! Difficulties also on morphological and grammatical measures and Gathercole, S., and repetition in! Of black and white pictures ( 67 for Italian and 67 for German ) was randomized across subjects there little. Participant flow through each step of the Neuropsychology of language assessments counterbalanced across participants 12. Development and the grammatical comprehension abilities were assessed by administering a naming and a validated diagnostic (. Guidelines for scores suggestive of DLD has been limited Clahsen, H., Rothweiler, (... Preschool years is used in the context of DLD has been designed to assess production, and Carlomagno S.... Memory and environmental factors in lexical development in children with SLI tasks have shown... By conflicting or incongruent stimuli to avoid identifying these processes as a pilot,... But has not been extended to bilingual children with DLDs did not outperform their monolingual English-only peers either. Of object pronouns imposed to avoid overidentification results ( means and SDs ) the...